FHWA vs. DOT Inspections: Which One Does Your Trailer Need?

If you’re in the trucking or logistics business, trailer inspections are a critical part of staying compliant and keeping your equipment road ready. But when it comes to FHWA vs. DOT inspections, confusion is common—especially since the terms are sometimes used interchangeably.

Let’s break down the difference between FHWA and DOT inspections, explain which one applies to your semi-trailer, and how Great Western Trailer can help keep your fleet compliant.

What Is an FHWA Inspection? 

The FHWA (Federal Highway Administration) inspection—often referred to as the Annual DOT Inspection for trailers—is a federally mandated inspection required every 12 months for commercial trailers with a GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) of 10,001 pounds or more. The inspection includes the following: 

  • Brakes and brake connections 
  • Tires, wheels, and rims 
  • Suspension system 
  • Lighting and electrical systems 
  • Frame and body condition including doors and roof 
  • Coupling devices 
  • Load securement systems 

 This inspection must be conducted by a qualified inspector, and proper documentation must be kept on file for at least 14 months. 

What Is a DOT Inspection?
 

“DOT inspection” typically refers to a broader set of inspections governed by the Department of Transportation, often conducted at weigh stations, roadside checks, or during audits. These include Level 1-6 inspections performed by DOT officers or state troopers. The inspection includes the following:
 

  • Review of driver qualifications and logs 
  • Inspection of both the tractor and trailer 
  • Drug and alcohol compliance 
  • Hours of service 
  • Hazardous materials compliance (if applicable) 

DOT inspections can happen any time you’re on the road, and failing one can result in fines, vehicle out-of-service orders, or worse. 

Key Differences: FHWA vs. DOT Inspections 

Aspect FHWA Inspection DOT Inspection 
Who Requires It Federal Highway Administration (FMCSA) Department of Transportation 
Applies To Trailers over 10,001 lbs GVWR Both trucks and trailers 
Frequency Once every 12 months Random, roadside, or scheduled 
Purpose Annual equipment compliance Overall safety and regulatory compliance 
Performed By Certified mechanic or inspector DOT officer or law enforcement 

Which One Do You Need? 

If you operate a semi-trailer, you definitely need an FHWA inspection annually to stay compliant. Additionally, you must be prepared for random or scheduled DOT inspections that can happen on the road or at your facility. 

Failing to comply with these regulations can lead to: 

  • Vehicle downtime 
  • Costly fines 
  • Lost contracts or revenue 
  • Safety risks to your drivers and others 

At Great Western Trailer, we offer certified FHWA inspections at all our locations. Our expert technicians ensure your trailer meets all federal requirements, so you can haul confidently and safely. Visit our LOCATIONS tab at www.greatwesterntrailer.com to call your nearest branch and schedule an FHWA inspection today. Our knowledgeable team is here to keep your fleet running smoothly and legally. 

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